Un PL sur l'enseignement scolaire au menu du Conseil de gouvernement    Près de 44.000 réclamations contre les administrations publiques reçues en 2025    Tamwilcom : Plus de 47,5 MMDH de financements en 2024    Echanges extérieurs à la loupe: Entre importations croissantes et exportations en retraite    Le Maroc revient à GMT+1 dès ce dimanche 6 avril    Trump menace Harvard de priver l'université de 9 milliards de dollars de subventions fédérales    Royaume-Uni : Le roi Charles reprend ses fonctions publiques après un traitement contre le cancer    Birmanie : le bilan du séisme dépasse les 2 700 morts    LdC de la CAF: Les Pyramids égyptiens battent les FAR (4-1)    Union Saint-Gilloise : Sofiane Boufal absent pendant plusieurs semaines    Le Festival "On Marche" revient pour une 18è édition    A Rome, l'artisanat marocain marque de son estampille la plus grande mosquée d'Europe    TV5 Monde à la découverte de "Tanger la créative",    Accidents de la circulation : 19 morts et 3.002 blessés en périmètre urbain durant la semaine dernière    Droits de douane: que signifie la réciprocité voulue par Donald Trump?    L'Algérie revendique l'abattage d'un drone malien Akinci    Europe. Les tribunaux contre la démocratie?    Le gouvernement kabyle en exil reçu au sénat français    Droits de douane: que signifie la réciprocité voulue par Donald Trump?    Les Forces Armées Royales... Un œil vigilant pour protéger les frontières du Maroc    Comment soumettre l'ennemi algérien sans combattre    Equipe nationale : Regragui, out? Simple fake news!    Ligue 1 : Hakimi et Ben Seghir en lice pour le prix Marc-Vivien Foé    1⁄2 Finale. Coupa del Rey / Ce mardi, Real Madrid-Real Sociedad: Horaire? Chaînes?    6e Conférence Franco-Marocaine des Notaires : investir au Maroc en toute sécurité    Aïd al-Fitr : Attention aux excès alimentaires après le jeûne !    Ligue 1: Hakimi y Ben Seghir en carrera por el premio Marc-Vivien Foé    Francia: François Bayrou da marcha atrás sobre la prohibición del velo en el deporte    Khénifra: El cuerpo de un niño hallado 13 días después de su ahogamiento en el Oum Er-Rbia    Sahara : Le Conseil de sécurité programme une session pour la mi-avril    Education/Droits humains : Bourqia, Bouayach et Belkouch pour incarner la vision Royale    Tebboune revient sur ses pas face à la France malgré la reconnaissance de la marocanité du Sahara    Une chanson qui relie le passé au présent... Quand la voix de Hassan II rencontre les rythmes d'aujourd'hui    Lancement de "Visions Théâtres", nouvelle revue scientifique spécialisée dans la pratique théâtrale    Zineb Hattab : première cheffe végane étoilée en Suisse, une révolution gastronomique    En Algérie, Boualem Sansal puni pour avoir pensé de travers, la solidarité des militants marocains en congé    L'or délaissé par les ménages marocains, victime de sa récente envolée fulgurante    Maroc : nouvelles exigences d'homologation et d'étiquetage pour les équipements télécoms bientôt en vigueur    Charbon thermique : repli des importations mondiales au premier trimestre, hausse notable au Maroc    Muay Thai : deux combattants marocains en lice lors du ONE Fight Night 30 à Bangkok    Le «Kruzenshtern» russe en escale à Agadir du 2 au 4 avril    Le Chinois Lingyun Industrial, spécialiste des équipements automobiles, prépare son implantation au Maroc    Accords migratoires UE-Maroc : Bruxelles examine le 7 avril sa coopération avec Rabat sur les retours et la gestion des flux    Maroc : repli temporaire des exportations de tomates cerises malgré une production abondante    La Compagnie chinoise de construction et de communication (région Centre-Sud) décroche un nouveau contrat d'infrastructures au Maroc    Des vestiges vieux de 3 000 ans, découvert à Kach Kouch au Maroc, réécrivent l'histoire du Maghreb    CAN U17 : L'Afrique du Sud renverse l'Egypte au bout d'un match à 7 buts !    Maroc – Algérie : Après la bataille Wikipédia, l'affrontement numérique via Grok sur X    







Merci d'avoir signalé!
Cette image sera automatiquement bloquée après qu'elle soit signalée par plusieurs personnes.



The Tangiers treaty, when the invasion of Algeria became a question between Morocco and France
Publié dans Yabiladi le 10 - 09 - 2018

On the 10th of September, 1844 Morocco was forced to recognize Algeria as part of the French empire through the signing of the Tangiers treaty. The latter emerged after the Kingdom was defeated in its first Franco-Moroccan war.
The Tangiers treaty was a turning point in Morocco and Algeria's history. The two neighboring nations were at the heart of the peace agreement signed on September the 10th, 1844.
The treaty was initiated to end the first Franco-Moroccan war and expel the Algerian religious leader Emir Abdelkader ibn Muhieddine, who found refuge in northeastern Morocco after the French colonial invasion in Algeria.
Emir Abdelkader's attempts
But before the Tangiers peace treaty was signed, Morocco and France had to fight a brief war. In her book «The French in Africa» (C.J. Skeet, 1859), Laurence Trent Cave wrote that the war started because of the Algerian Emir who, after losing «his fortresses and warlike stores… was reduced to little more than a chief of a roving band on the borders on the Desert».
Algerian Emir Abdelkader./Ph. DR
The Algerian left for the Kingdom, «preaching the Holy War with a view to gaining adherents among the lawless border tribes» in Morocco. Fortunately, Emir Abdelkader managed to secure the sympathy of Moulay Abderrahman, recalled the historian, stressing that «therefore, the violations of the Algerine territory became at once a question between France and Morocco».
Indeed, the French was firm with the Kingdom, threatening to «punish those who provoked its violations», and urging the sultan to withdraw protection from Abdelkader. The French believed that that latter «might, by the force of his religious influence, become at any moment the commander of the Moorish army», pointed the same source.
The bombarding Tangier and Mogador
France's fears have pushed it to act by the end of July, 1844. Under the command of the Prince of Joinville, a French squadron headed to Morocco, leading to the bombardment of Tangier on the 6th of August.
The French troops invaded the northern city, rejecting the way in which Emir Abdekader was treated. After bombarding Tangier, the squadron sailed for Cadiz to heal the injured and repair what has been destroyed.
«Mr. Drummond Hay, the British Consul, had in the meantime hurried to the city of Moroccans, with a view to terminate the dispute; an on his return … Tangiers was undergoing the horrors of a bombardment», wrote Laurence Trent Cave.
The bombardment of Tangier on the 6th of August 1844./Ph. DR
Tangiers was not the only city the French were targeting as after the Prince repaired damages in Cadiz, he ordered his troops to sail for Mogador. The Moroccan seaport was also bombarded on August the 15th.
«A landing was effected on the island (Mogador) and the batteries were carried; an obstinate hand to hand conflict then ensured and about four hundred Moorish troops kept up a severe fire against the French, sheltering themselves behind rock and walls».
The struggle lasted for more than an hour in Mogador, after the Moroccan troops retreated to a mosque and the city was in possession of the French. According to the account provided by the book «The French in Africa», eight French soldiers were «killed, including an officer, more than thirty were wounded, and a few casualties occurred on board of the ships from the fire of the Moorish batteries».
But once the city was controlled by the French the Prince ordered the dismantling of Mogador's batteries. More than five hundred men entered the town and the Moorish flags were hauled down, while the fortifications were destroyed.
One day before raiding Mogador, the French fought the Isly battle. Searching for Emir Abdelkader, they faced the Moorish army which was considerably augmented after Moulay Abderrahman sent his son to command the troops near Oujda.
The Isly battle
On the 14th of August, the «French did not muster more than fifteen thousand men, but they at once took the initiative, and attacking the Moors, as they attempted to dispute the passage of the river Isly, threw them into confusion, capturing the umbrella, the personal equipage of the emperor's son», recalled the historian.
Although the Moroccan army had large bodies of cavalry, the French resisted, and as soon as the Marshal assumed the offensive, the Moroccan side «fled in all directions».
The Isly battle./Ph. DR
The French victory led to the signing of the peace treaty on the 10th of September. The latter forced the sultan to accept the French presence in Morocco, all while remaining neutral regarding the French invasion in Algeria. Through the treaty Morocco also recognized Algeria as part of the French empire.
The Tangiers Treaty considered Emir Abdelkader as an outlaw and ordered the Sultan to arrest him.


Cliquez ici pour lire l'article depuis sa source.